Business structuring: mechanisms to ensure confidentiality (for LLCs, JSCs, ZPIFs, DITs)

The issues of ensuring the confidentiality of business owners' information in Russia using various legal instruments. The authors analyze the current realities of information transparency and propose ways to protect confidential data for LLCs (Limited Liability Companies), JSCs (Joint-Stock Companies), CEFs (Close-end Funds), and PEs (Partnership Enterprises). Special attention is given to the risks associated with using nominal ownership, closed registers, options, and escrow mechanisms.